to ban these magazines and the way that they're produced would set the international ideal

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

composition and function of formal and informal law

Parliamentary Law making

Types of Law

•         Statute Law of Westminster and the devolved Parliaments

•         Delegated guidelines to government departments

•         Common Law

•         Ratified European Legislation and Treaties

•         International agreements and Bilateral Treaties

•         Case Law of the Courts: Judicial Precedent

•         Codification Statutes (eg Offences against the person act)

•         Orders in Council (privy Council)

Scottish Parliament

•         1997 referendum, 1998 act of parliament

•         First elections 1999.

•         SNP (secessionists) seek to hold referendum in 2014 based on an overall majority in the last elections to it.

•         Scotland has its own legal system from pre union of parliaments, preserved in the 1707 act of Union

Welsh Parliament

•         1997 referendum for secondary legislation powers

•         More recent ‘ie’ vote in favour of devolution to primary law making powers

•         Silk Commission on fiscal autonomy within sterling area

•         Past tax fiddles with alleged oil supplies prevented by new set up.

Northern Ireland Assembly

•         Northern Ireland is a successor state to the Island of Ireland Kingdom, united with Great Britain in 1801. As such Ireland had its own court structure based on county governance since Elizabeth 1st

•         It had a parliament and central courts in Dublin.

•         Northern Ireland was created by the Churchill-collins Irish peace treaty of the 1920s and had sectarian home rule till 1972 when Westminster assumed direct responsibility

•         Anglo Irish Agreement 1986

•         Good Friday Agreement 1999

•         Northern Irish Assembly referendums

•         Off on power sharing

•         Current devolved with Sinn Fein- DUP power sharing executive

•         Cross community referendums on constitutional matters such as leaving UK.

•         1998, referendum, 1999 act and 2000 first elections

GLA

•         Devolved policing and transport policy

•         Works in conjunction with the 32 London Boroughs and the Corporation of London.

•         2000-2004 and 2004-8 Ken Livingstone

•         2008-2012 and 2012- Boris Johnson Mayors

•         GLA has multi borough constituencies and top up region.

•          

Channels and Man

•         Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney Sark successor to William 1sts Duchy of Normandy

•         Isle of Man has a parliament of its own, the Tynwald.

•         Both have common citizenship with UK and liase with the Home office

Other islands

•         Falklands

•         Carribean Islands

•         Gibraltar

•         Under Foreign Office and British Consular assistance

Old Empire Parliaments

•         Statute of Westminster Act 1931

–        Irish Free State (now republic outside commonwealth see later slide)

–        Canada and Newfoundland

–        Australia

–        New Zealand

–        South Africa

The Modern Parliament

•         Commonwealth Secretariat

•         British Council

•         Council of the Isles

Conclusion

•         Is the UK a federal democracy or devolved unitary state?

•         Can EU law allow continuation of the dictum of parliamentary sovereignty?

•         Is there therefore a need for a constitutional convention and renegotiation of the European Union relationship?

Privy Council

•         Institution of UK state

•         Also judicially of some Commonwealth states as their final court of appeal.

•         Advises the crown and parliament

•         Has a secretariat as part of the Royal Palaces

•         ? Role of royals lower down the line of succession.

Council of State

•         As ERII ages and as mentioned in Queens Speech, Prince Charles the heir apparent has formed a council of state to advise him and assist his mother in Royal Duties

•         Will the Duke of Cambridge sit on this body, especially pertinent as hes soon to be a dad.

•         Composition of said council of state is at present unknown to the author (no he hasn’t got a written invite).

The order, member companion and medal of empire

•         Advises the dean of the chapel royal

•         Writes to the great and the good and in many cases is said great and good.

•         Based in St Pauls Cathedral.

•         Funded through the livery companies of the City of London upon the advice of freemen of the city of london through the court of common council.

•         ‘gateway honours’ for others in the system.

Military Honours

•         Awarded through the crown and Mod

•         Some also given to intelligence services for things such as ‘Squidgy gate’

•         Some from the time of the crusades such as knights and baronets and peerages still awarded on the advice of the crown according to criteria set out by the crown appointment commission (no you can’t walk into AandE and ask for one).

Summary of JRC consultancy article in May 2013 Modern Railways

1)      HS2 HS1 Interchange is currently inadequate but debate time is still there for a better solution.

2)      A ‘Euston Cross’ East – West Interchange underground with bi directional, dual track tunnel from Old Oak Interchange is needed. The tunnel alignment would protect the British Library and leave space for Crossrail 2, for which ‘government needs to guarantee funding’

3)      This also needs a Railway Lords interchange at Queens Park to ensure that the Trains that are going to terminate at Euston (extended station) can do so.

4)      This may affect London Over ground provision into Euston which may have to divert at Primrose Hill junction to reach Camden Road and Stratford, possible extension onto Barking  / Grays or Chingford.

5)      TfL have plans for a DLR extension to Euston from Bank so how this fits in is open to question.

6)      New link to Euston Square Station to relieve pressure.

7)      Further tunnelling from Old Oak common onto Ickenham is an option, but would need to surmount Greenford topological dip and the Northolt Grand Union Canal (J Wares opinion based on correspondence with London mayors office)

8)      The Poirots moustache junctions and stations for west and north London Line London Overground services should allow for running through. Then Stratford trains can loop through Old Oak Common to produce a peak hour service on the core route. It would also allow for Clapham Junction Trains to each Richmond direct and from that services from Windsor Riverside could also loop there to spread commuter usage and use of Brentford loop.

TV licencing and the property market and other expenses (The case of Good Money)

This might be pertinent as there is a Royal Birth and baptism scheduled soon and it will probably be on the BBC and Sky.

A TV licence is required for watching TV but not playing DVDs.  The technology for this is similar if not the same. However though the Radio licence was abolished years ago, DAB signals are similarly monitored whether radio or Television.

Confused?

To obtain a TV licence as a person in your own right as one of your own expenses when growing up costs the same as an adult (£145.50, or £5.60 cash weekly), though when you reach a certain age above the state pension 75 you qualify for a free TV licence. In the past there was a Disability qualification as well for a free TV licence though now that may be restricted to those who are registered disabled for physical or mental impairments or disabilities. It is not often discussed as in the past it was viewed as being exploitative and demeaning and perhaps encouraging untoward conduct towards those who needed the states protection.

There is an enquiry call centre with an 0300 number and a website to get a licence. Paper forms and debit card payments from Paypoint machines and in the past the post office.

When a student at a Full time uni having a TV licence for modern TV Computers and possibly the ‘app’ related download technologies may now be a necessity,  even if you don’t watch TV. Though in some towns the council tax claims aren’t made for students as under tenancy law and taxation law they were exempt previously and some local councils sought to control student populations from becoming squatters with a claim on the property they were renting and credit related fraud.

Now Housing and Council Tax benefit claims are (in England) to be made soon as part of the universal credit system.

In my opinion the best way to ensure that benefits and rent are paid on time is to ensure that you have a direct debit account and that the rent is paid monthly automatic by standing order / direct debit with a monthly payment for utilities and rent. However rents are nationally calculated for each area using estate agents and taxation data, so in Hillingdon rent is calculated to include a top up premium for council housing properties and also to cover Housing Association properties

Many Housing association properties are built more recently to a higher specification in some cases depending on building regulations changing. There should also be a fortnightly ‘food and sundries’ component. It works for me in a kind of way at present post bankruptcy.

Housing association rent is slightly higher in places because unlike a council with a larger housing stock able to contract out maintenance and repairs, they cover larger areas. These are multi borough in Greater London which further out sub contract their maintenance of their properties through the local authority, thus generating higher rents and overheads than council properties, but lower than mortgages. Thus rented housing association and local authority properties have been fewer under recent governments as they have been subsidised by part rent part buy and mortgaged component housing.

Thus to get on the national housing register and as some people have put it in the past be on the system, having both local and national registration on the housing system might be a good idea. Hence Housing benefit claims also have a grey area that is both assessed through the job centre and the local authority. Hence paperwork was difficultly managed prior to an online system and social housing provision in Greater London by sub region.

Hence with High Speed Two having a spur and as section 106 a potential Central Line extension into Uxbridge or Heathrow in tunnel via Stockley Park, any development of RAF Northolt and relocation to Heathrow for the diplomatic airbase when ‘Boris Island / Margaret Thatcher International’ is built in the Thames Estuary, planning for where you want to live to get a job is essential.

For example take medicine, Brunel Uni doesn’t at present have a medicine department but offers ancilliary professional training for social workers and chemists. There is vacant office space opposite Bucks Uni by the Crown and Treaty Pub that could be converted similarly to Greenwich School of Managements Greenford Campus. It could create a training ability, with Young people living locally getting references at Fountains Mill and from the probation service.

This would counterbalance the creation of the DLR / London Overground suburbs of Bromley and Battersea that link to Canary Wharf and provide employment in the financial sectors. Given That Uxbridge is at the end of the commuting line to the City at present the journey time is less competitive to say Watford with Croxley Rail Link and the West Coast Main line.

However the bus network can take the strain to get to Stockley Park as well.

So if I were a Year Officer today in this economic recovery and with the benefit of hindsight, how would I advise getting a job and on the housing register.

Don’t model, get a part time job at school sixth form age to cover the cost of a TV licence and have a universal credit assessment as soon as it comes in if not sooner, so speak to your GP and go to your local job centre for the application form.

I’ll put a full guide up once I’ve researched Universal credit more fully.

TV Licencing 0300 790 135

Also check with the Money Advice Service for financial advice.